Abstract: In order to improve the heat dissipation capability of the 5G base station, the electromagnetic and thermal performances of a base station antenna array are co
A literature review is presented on energy consumption and heat transfer in recent fifth-generation (5G) antennas in network base stations.
A literature review is presented on energy consumption and heat transfer in recent fifth-generation (5G) antennas in network base stations.
The studied case is a radio base station (RBS) of high power density. Operating in outdoor scenarios, RBS requires unattended duty, maintenance-free, and long life-time. Compared
The answer lies in communication base station thermal management - the silent guardian of network stability. As 5G deployments accelerate globally, base stations now consume 3.1×
Heat is absorbed and dissipated through custom designed heat exchangers with high aspect ratio, air ducted shrouds and high-performance fans. The heat pumping action occurs from custom
Heat is absorbed and dissipated through custom designed heat exchangers with high aspect ratio, air ducted shrouds and high-performance fans. The heat pumping action occurs from custom designed thermoelectric coolers
To further explore the energy-saving potential of 5 G base stations, this paper proposes an energy-saving operation model for 5 G base stations that incorporates communication caching
unication base stations has become one of the important ways to save energy. Practical applications showed that the outdoor communication base station has a high temperature
In response to the growing demand for improved heat dissipation and energy efficiency in 5G telecommunication base stations, this paper introduces an air-cooling heatsink
Reducing the energy cost of communication base stations is a crucial factor in wireless communication industries, and cut the power consumption of in-base air c
Reducing the energy cost of communication base stations is a crucial factor in wireless communication industries, and cut the power consumption of in-base air c

Currently, the majority of research concerning heat dissipation in 5G base stations is primarily focusing on passive cooling methods. Today, there is a clear gap in the literature in terms of research investigations that tend to quantify the temperature performances in 5G electronic devices.
Many authors have been trying over the years to develop enhanced liquid-based coolers of base transceiver stations . For example, Figure 11 illustrates an enhanced liquid-cooled base transceiver station (BTS) developed by Huttunen et al., 2020 , compared to an old one with a traditional heat sink.
Innovative heat-dissipation solutions are necessary in preventing overheating and ensuring the reliable operation of future antennas and equipment. Energy consumption reduction should be developed in combination with a reduction in operational costs, all while retaining respect for the environment.
As an example, one can mention the transition from homogeneous networks (comprising 1 to 3 base stations (BSs) per km 2) to heterogeneous networks (comprising 10 to 100 nodes per km 2). Furthermore, the growing need for larger storage capacities adds to energy requirements.
Feng et al., 2024 , proposed a new heat sink solution based on a microchannel thermosyphon array with air cooling; this was an attempt to optimize the design of 5G heat-dissipation devices. Their experimental measurements focused on the temperature uniformity across various filling ratios, heating power levels, and wind speeds.
Aslan et al., 2019 addressed a fully passive cooling approach using double-sided printed circuit board (PCB) configuration for antenna arrays. In comparison to conventional structures, their research findings indicated that utilizing a thicker ground plane leads to a better thermal performance.
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